CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 
Unemployment which is now the talk of the day has a lot of implications on the Nigeria social and economic development. Mostly as it relates to Ivo local government which is one among the thirteen local government in Ebonyi state. Ivo local government falls under Ebonyi state south central zone with town like: Akaeze, Ada, Ishiagu, Home town of the federal college of agriculture ishiagu etc.
According to the central bank of Nigeria (2003) the National rate of Unemployment rose from 4.3% in 1970 to 6.4% I 1980. The high rate of Unemployment observed in 1980 was attributed largely to depression in the Nigeria economy during the late 1970’s specifically, the economic down town led to the implementation of stabilization measures which included restriction on export, which caused import dependency of most Nigeria Manufacturing enterprises, which in turn resulted in operation of many comprises below their installed capacity. This development led to the close down of many industries why the survived few were forced to retrench a large proportion of their work force.
Furthermore the Nigeria Government also placed an embargo on employment, it is important to state here that the structural adjustment programmed (SAP) adopted in 1986, had serious implication on employment in Nigeria as the rate of Unemployment declined from 2.1% in 1982 to as low as 1.8% in 1995 after which it rose to 3.4% in 1996 and lowered between 3.4 and 4.7% between 1996 and 2006.
According to a survey of 1974 reported by Aigbokham (2000). Graduate Unemployment account for les than 1% of the Unemployment in 1974, the proportion rose 4% for urban areas and 2.2% in the rural areas. It is impressive to note here that in 2003, Nigerian Unemployment rate declined substantially to 2.3% this declined was attributed to the various government effort aimed at addressing the problems through poverty alleviation programs.
Recently, the federal government accepted word bank figure of 40million, 28.57% unemployed people in Nigeria though there were no details of how the bank arrived at that Figure the admission by the ex-monitor of labour, prince Adelokumbo, Kayode that we do have such an Unemployment crisis is enough to give credence to the report.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 
This work tries to tackle some problem that is associated with Unemployment as they include the following:
(i) Those looking for employment do not have the necessary skills and knowledge required for the job they seek.
(ii) Every graduate depends solely on white man’s job with zero consideration on agriculture.
(iii) The spirit of ghost workers has reduced the chances of getting employment in some parastatals.
(iv) The government is not giving this Unemployment a serious and favorable consideration.
(v) Politicians choose using our young graduates to actualize their political ambition with a lot of unfulfilled promises and consequently during them after elections.
(vi) The country is filled with unemployed workers. There by leading to a lot of evil doings in the society likely fraud (yahoo yahoo), kidnapping, armed robbery, human trafficking, etc.
(vii) There is high level of corruption among the staff in the government organization especially when it comes to the issue of employment.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 
This research work was picked up with the following objectives.
(1) To identify the causes of Unemployment in Ivo Local Government.
(2) To determine the effect of Unemployment in Ivo Local Government 
(3) To proffer solution to the Unemployment problem in the local government under study

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
This project topic would not have been chosen if the researcher did not find some problems or questions which need urgent attention before it gets out of hand as the country is producing thousands of graduates each year without sufficient jobs. The questions now are:
(1) What are causes of Unemployment
(2) What are the effects of Unemployment in the local government under study
(3) How can the problems of Unemployment be solved.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 
1. The Findings of this work will help young graduates to know that that white man’s job is not the only means of survival.
It will also stand a guideline to them on t he best way to live instead of engagingly in social vices and also provide them with some ways of being self-employed and even employ other.
To the government, it will discourage and also try to provide solution on how to dictate ghost workers in some parastatals and discourage the politicians from using graduates to cause social vices in the name of achieving political ambition.

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY 
This work which h treats Unemployment and its implication to social and economic of Unemployment was limited to Ivo Local Government Area in Ebonyi I state in other to obtain a generation agreement on the findings and solution to the problem. The opinion of the various section of this research work is to solidity our argument.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 
This research work restricts itself to Ivo Local Government in Ebonyi state only. Round other local government. 
The little time for the accomplishment of this work could not allow the researcher to get the actual figure of those that are employed and those that are not employed, though the little one that was carried out shows that the state of Unemployment is high and have caused a lot of havoc.
Furthermore, the reactions of some people when asked on an oral interview and when giving a questionnaire, coupled with the high cost of living prevalent in the country as a result of the Global economic crisis and the rate of bad road which resulted to high transport fairs posited its own problems.

1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
The following terms are defined as they are used in the study:
Implications: The possible effect or result of something or an action or decision.
Unemployed: The act of not having a work or the act of staying idle, not having job.
Employment: The state of being employed is when work is being done in other to earn money. It can also be seen as the act of being employed in an institution or organization to perform some certain duties and earn money at the end.
Economy: The relationship between production trade and supply of money in a particular or region.
Society: Particular communities of people, who share the same customs laws, believes etc.
Development: Improvement of something that is being regarded to the gradual change or growth of something that it becomes more advance.