CONSTRUCTION OF AN OPEN STEAM DISTILLATION COLUMN
Sold By: Joe Project Store | Item Type: Project Material | Report this? | Attributes: 65 pages | 1-5 chapters | Amount: ₦5,000 | 3 orders. | Marked useful: 6,594 times
Delivery: Within 24 hoursCHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Distillation is a separating technique in which two liquids are separated at essentially the same temperature and pressure. It is also the term used to describe the operation where the vaporization of a liquid mixture yields a vapor phase containing more than one constituents and it is desired to recover one or more of this constituents in a nearly pure state.
It would probably be beneficial to define the terms that describe the process and related properties. Let us begin by describing the process by which a substance transformed from the condensed phase to the gas phase. For liquid, this process is called VAPORIZATION and for a solid it is called SUBMIATIN, both processes requires heat. All substances regardless whether they are liquids or solids are characterized by a vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of a pure substance is the pressure exerted by the substance against the external pressure which is usually atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency to escape. When the vapor pressure of a liquid substance reaches the external pressure the substance is observed to Boil. If the external pressure is atmospheric pressure, the temperature at which a pure substance boils is called the NORMAL BOILING POINT. Solid substances are not characterized by a similar phenomena called BOILING. They simply vaporize directly into the atmosphere.
Generally speaking, distillation, stripping, absorption, humidification are industrial stage wise operations which involves the contact of two phases in various apparatus. Completion of separation depends upon certain properties of components involved and the arrangement of the distillation process.
The properties involved are:
- Mode of temperature and process control
- The relative volatility between the liquid and vapor phases
- The production capacity of the distiller
- The type of distillation involved
However, the importance of distillation in commercial process is the purification of a large variety of material and petroleum industries. It is applied in the production of hot drinks in chemical industries. Also, applied in oil companies for the separation of petroleum into its various components e.g kerosene, diesel, gasoline, petrol, fuel, oil, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, aliphatic etc. Lastly, it is equally applied in pharmaceutical industries for the production of ethylated spirits and many other medical strubs.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
Delivery: Within 24 hours
Advertise Here
Not what you were looking for? Perform a search
What's your project topic?
Comment on Facebook:
Related Project Materials
- 1.
PREPARATION OF SOAP USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF OILS AND EXPLORING ITS PROPERTIES
ABSTRACT Soaps are the sodium salts or potassium salts of stearic acids or any other fatty acids. They are prepared by the saponification proces...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 0 engagements |
- 2.
THE REFURBISHMENT OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL APPARATUS
ABSTRACT A temperature control apparatus an “Armfield model was refurbished. The methodology employed were to detect the pulty parts of the ...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 8,604 engagements |
- 3.
PRODUCTION OF CRUDE OIL-DRILLING PROCESS
ABSTRACT The tremendous (large) demand of some petroleum fractions in our modern world today has drive some professionals...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 0 engagements |
- 4.
PRODUCTION OF LIQUID AND VAPORIZED PERFUME
ABSTRACT This research project was carried out principally for the production of liquid and vapourized perfumes from local raw materials. The ...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 14,528 engagements |
- 5.
PROCESS AND QUALITY FACTORS IN LAUNDRY AND TOILET SOAP PRODUCTION
ABSTRACT This projects is aimed at knowing the process and quality factor in Laundary and Toilet Soap Projection. Various factors affected the...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 9,120 engagements |
- 6.
THE USE OF LOCAL PIGMENTS AND EXTENDERS FOR FORMULATION & PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINT
ABSTRACT The major aim of this project research work is to produce emulsion paint from locally sourced pigment & extenders. The materials use...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 9,117 engagements |