» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study In the 1970s and 1980s, developed nations began exporting dangerous and electronic trash to countries with lower and moderate incomes (Bakhiyi et al., 2018). Approximately 250,000 to 1.3 million tonnes of electronic garbage, also known as e waste,…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The reduction of unemployment and poverty has become a significant challenge for the global economy, especially in developing countries. The World Poverty Commission observed that unemployment is strongly correlated with poverty (Abiola et al., 20…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Across the globe, governments have embarked on various initiatives to modernize their public services to meet the evolving needs of their citizens and the demands of a globalized world. Pollitt & Bouckaert (2019) assert that public service moderni…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Information communication technology (ICT) has made significant contributions to our world since its inception and is now an integral part of our daily lives. Since the emergence of ICT, the globe has transformed into a global village, with every …Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Historical evidence demonstrates that certain communities have chosen to establish themselves in close proximity to rivers due to their desire to take use of the fertile soil, optimise the level terrain, conveniently access the necessary water sup…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study According to Lace et al. (2018), a building collapses when it is no longer able to fulfil its main purpose of providing safety, stability, comfort, and satisfaction to its occupants. Building is utilised to offer sufficient shelter and protection …Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study A flood is the result of a large amount of water overflowing or erupting into terrain that is often not underwater (Daniel and Udo, 2019). An extreme weather event, driven by the increase in global temperature, leads to intense rainfall, expansion…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study A knowledgeable community is the most effective means of protection against calamity (McDonald, 2022). Throughout the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), there was a growing international recognition of the need to build s…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The location and significance of structures in relation to human existence and survival, as individuals live and engage in their activities within them, are crucial. However, the preservation of the current housing inventory in a livable state con…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Constructing infrastructure worldwide is one of humanity's most important resources. Furthermore, these buildings not only offer a wide range of living spaces, religious centres, workplaces, educational institutions, and medical facilities to huma…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Within academia there is ongoing discussion over what constitutes natural disaster or what does not. Floods, which in recent years have taken the world by surprise, come into the discussion too. While that is the case, its impact on academic activ…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the study Throughout the ages, higher education and financial assistance systems have undergone substantial changes, motivated by the goal of making education more accessible and reducing the financial strain on students. The transition from charitable schol…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The European Environment Agency (EEA, 2024) has reported that climate change is exacerbating floods and diminishing water quality, hence presenting a growing risk to human well being. Although the media often focuses on catastrophic disasters caus…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Solid waste is a significant topic for sustainable development because to its connection with the three pillars of sustainability: economy, environment, and society (Heidari, Yazdanparast, & Jabbarzadeh, 2019; Pires, Martinho, Rodrigues, & Gomes, …Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study On a global scale, societies are generating and disposing of larger quantities of solid waste, encompassing urban, industrial, and agricultural garbage. In the absence of sustainable management, these wastes present substantial threats to publi…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Waste management is a complex issue in developing countries, from mega cities to small towns and villages, and has been on the priority list of successive governments, local authorities, and international donors in recent years (Xin, 2019). Thi…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a significant global concern with regards to both its economic and environmental impact (Yukalang, Clarke & Ross, 2018). The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a pressing issue for local authorities, esp…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Urban cities, particularly in developing nations, are facing significant hurdles in implementing sustainable solid waste management. In poor nations such as Cameroon, the government and waste management agencies face significant obstacles in ef…Continue Reading »
» PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF THE ECONOMIC RECESSION ON YOUTHS' MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL BEING: EVIDENCE FROM PRESIDENT TINUBU ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Studies have shown that economic recessions have a substantial impact on the health and overall well being of the po…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study An economic downturn is a time frame of decreased economic activity typified by declining GDP, diminished global demand, sluggish employment creation, rising borrowing prices, and restricted credit availability. An economic downturn can occur inside a…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study In 2023, the global economy shown remarkable resilience despite facing significant challenges such as high inflation not seen in decades and various other obstacles. These factors hindered global development but brought the world economy closer…Continue Reading »
» WATERBORNE DISEASES IN FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS IN NIGERIA IN 2024: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Flood is a prevalent environmental issue in Nigeria, characterised by the movement of a body of water over terrain that is typically not flooded. It can a…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Flooding is one of the greatest environmental challenges facing man throughout the century. Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC, 2017) considered floods as the most destructive climate related danger in the world. The explanation of this is the overall…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Ensuring economic stability is a significant hurdle faced by governments worldwide. Government policy, national consumption rate, deflation, inflation, and other factors significantly influence a country's economy (Stephen, 2022). Inflation is the…Continue Reading »
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Flood is a natural process which occurs when water inundates land that is ordinarily dry. When rain falls on an area of land (catchment), some of the water percolate into the soil while the left over flows downhill as runoff and the amount of this…Continue Reading »
