CHAPTER ONE

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Self reliance in a general sense is what actually promotes productivity and other economic activities which obviously lead to the development of a country. From time immemorial people have always engaged in different activities such as farming, fishing, hunting, among others, in order to satisfy their basic needs and enhance their social mobility from one class to another.

Therefore, the idea of self-reliance lays heavily on youth empowerment by training of mind and body of the youth for proper intergration in to the society and for positive development. Umar Dantani states that, “the Nigerian government in collaboration with private organizations should intensify effort to provide gainful employment to the army of unemployment youth, this can be done through the establishment of micro fiancé schemes that assist the youth to

be self employed, if this is achieve, redundancy among the youth would be reduced to the bearest minimum”.1

Ibrahim Risikat Stated that, During the Obasanjo administration the Federal Government of Nigeria establish an economic institution known as National poverty Eradication programme (NPEP). This institution was mandated to give capacity building to intended youths to be self-reliant, provide loan facilities to small and large scale enterprises as well as monitor the progress of the loan facilities granted to small and large scale enterprises. To ensure wealth creation among youth under the National Poverty Eradication programme, graduates were recruited and posted to various Ministries and parastatals to learn public service activities, these graduates were paid #20,000 Monthly, in addition, capacity building and training were conducted under the auspices of attachment to a particular workshop in accordance to what the youth indicated, these activities range from welding to balkernizing, dying e.t.c. In this perspectives #5000 was given to each of the trainee and release at the expected time allocated for the

training, and also youth were granted #5000 under no capacity training.2

Hajiya Salamatu Husain Suleiman stated that, “youth (boys and girls) this category need to receives training on variety of skills in trades and profession such as tailoring, computer training, technical and commercial enterprises, such as buying, selling and farming e.t.c, which will make them to be self-reliance”3 Therefore, she added that, in addition to skills acquisition, training and empowerment programmes, educational development is also very critical.

Ibrahim Risikat suggested however, that “Small scale enterprises have been also identified as the essential support and engine for nations economic development, it is a lubricant for employment generation, poverty reduction and technological development” Therefore, given the vital and salutary roles and contribution which enterprises play in the nations economic development, the government at various levels in Nigeria have roll-out-different entrepreneurial programmes aimed at reducing the incessant unemployment

phenomenon and at the same time entrenched the sprit of self-employed philosophy in our youth instead of looking for white-collar jobs that are not there.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The research project focuses on mobilizing the youth for self-reliance, by appraising the self-helps initiatives in Suru local government area, within the period of 2011-2015.

There is a general consensus from past research that, youth fell excluded from participation in development process, obviously lack of education and unemployment has resulted to an increase in the involvement of youth in various anti-social activities and offence, such as assaults, murder, stealing, armed robbery, sex offences, unlawful possession of arms e.t.c.

Every year the government at the three tiers through burdgetary allocation, policies and pronouncement have signified interest and acknowledged the crucial rules of the small scale enterprises sub-sector of the economy and hence

made policies to boast the participation of the unemployment youth. Inspite the essential role of government by introducing programmes and policies as an alternative ways of reducing poverty level. Among unemployed youth in the country, the policies and programmes introduced by the government have not been fully utilized by many unemployed graduates and the effect has been manifested in high level of crime rate.

Therefore, specifically the study would focus on two major organizations which were established in the area of study with a view to mobilizing the youths for self-reliance by getting them involved in self-help project. There are Lauwali foundation and garima Group.

Lauwali foundation was established in 2011 by senator Ibrahim Bawa Kamba and the activities involved in the foundation include electrical wiring, soap making and tailoring e.t.c. while garima group deployed the teaming number of unemployed youth to various business centres, where they were taught a number of self-reliance skills.

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study is based on the following objective objectives.

i)             To examine the rules of government and private enterprises in youth mobilization.

ii)           To analyse ways in which youth are being mobilized for self-reliance.

iii)         To identify the challenges encountered in the process of youth mobilization.

iv)         To appraise the prospect for youth self-reliance.

1.4   JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

Youth empowerment has significant role to play in the economic development of Nigeria. In any community youth, facilitate the development of a given society in the sense that, their age category is accompanied with physical, emotional and cognitive development that provide them, the opportunity to contribute their own quote towards the growth and development of their country.

As dantani stated, “youth development is the training of mind and body of the youth for proper integration in to the

society and for positive development, it involves the provision of infrastructure, creation of institution and processes that will enhance the development of the youth”.5 Government has over the year strived to create a favorable condition for youth development but effort put in place are commensurate with the enomous problem confronting youth development. This suggest however, that it is. reasonable to work on the assumption that youth” empowerment are compatible with effective economic development however, that it is reasonable to work on the assumption that youth empowerment.

However, this study will specifically focus on two organization which were established in Suru local government, aims at empowering youth in such away that, they could be self-reliance, and these are lauwali foundation and Garima group.

Lauwah foundation which was established in 2011 by senator Ibrahim Bawa Kamba, which engage youth to participate in various training activities which include, soap making, tailoring electric wiring e,t,c while on the other hand,

garima group also provides alternative for business tranzation for the youth, in which fillingstation supermarket, telecommunication centres e.t.c were established and youth were recruited to serve at such centres, some as a managers same as workers while some as a maintenance clerk and they were paid on a monthly basis.

1.5     SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The research would primarily focuses on youth mobilization for self-reliance and how it affects the development process in Suru local government area, within the period 2011-2014.

Specifically, the study would be concerned with two organizations in the area of study, and these are lauwal foundation and Garima Group, which was aims at providing employment opportunities to the youth.

1.6  RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The   research   would   be    guided   by    the   following

assumption.

i)             The roles played by government and private enterprises toward the mobilization process could lead to the achievement of self-reliance.

ii)           There is substantial prograss in self reliance effort in Suru local Government.

iii)         The self-reliance could be achieved through the self help initiatives in Suru local government.

1.7   DEFINATION OF CONCEPTS

Certain basic concept are defined below:

Youth: There exists deferent explanations with regard to the concept of youth as an age category, the united Nations (2007), agued that “any person between the age of 15 and 24 is a youth”6 Although, the united Nation which is one of the Institution for global governance has specified age category for youth different from African countries.

Entrepreneurs: Is an Individual who established and manages a business for the principal purpose of profit and growth.

Enterprises: it is the business organization that is formed and which provides goods and services, create jobs, and contribute to national incame, export and overall economic development.

1.8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research is base on various source such as primary and secondary sources of data. Data from the field will be collected through interviews, observation and survey e.t.c Oral interviews will be conducted with youths who are the beneficiaries of self-help initiatives.the founders and managers of lauwali foundation and Garima group will also be interviewed to collect reliable data. Five (5) people from each foundation will be interviewed in order to make the work more reliable.

Therefore, another method of data collection is secondary source, in which data is been collected through consulting related textbooks published and upbublished, Journal, document where necessary, internet and some of this materials could be source in Kebbi state Library in Birnin

Kebbi, Abdullahi Fodio library University in University of Usmanu Danfodiyo Sokoto, Using computer wordless also in UDUnet and library in which reliable data is bee collected.

Therefore, this research works basically designed in to five chapters, chapter one, which is the introductory part of the work, consist of background of the study research problem, objectives of the study, justification for the study, scope and limitation of the study, Research hypotheses, Defination of the concepts, research methodology.

Chapter two consists of literature review, chapter three also consists of background of the area of study, land people and their economic activities. Chapter four is data presentation and analysis. Chapter five consists of summary and conclusion.

End note

1)   Umar Dantani: Youth and political violence consequences on electoral Democracy in Nigeria, Department of political science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.3-5

2)   Hajiya  Salamatu  Husain  Suleiman:  Alkali  Hussaini

Foundaiton: A Worthy venture, kebbi Mobilizer, A quarterly production of National Orientation agency (NOA) kebbi state Dec. 2013.

3)   Ibrahim  Risikat:  Small  seale  enterprises  and  youth

empowerment: A case study of selected enterprises in Sokoto metropolies. A research work submitted to the department of Business administration, U.D.U Sokoto (2014)P.7.

4)   Ibid P.20-23

5)   Ibid P.4

6)   United Nation: World Youth report 2007, Young people’s transition to Adulthood, progress and challenges, newyork: UN (2007).