IMPLICATION OF AGGRESSIVE FOOTBALL FANS ON PEACEFUL ENVIRONMENT/NEIGHBORHOOD (USING CHELSEA FANS AS A CASE STUDY)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Aggression and violence have been in human history from the beginning of time; despite their negative elements, they are acceptable and commonplace in society. However, certain incidents that occur on a regular basis might be quite surprising. The term "aggression" comes from a Latin term that means "moving in a certain direction." It also entails taking a specific stance, responding, and wreaking havoc (Koknel, 2000).

Aggression may also be described as a different manner of acting in order to defend oneself from hazards; it can also be characterized as troubling attitudes that a person shows to himself or others. Aggression may be defined as physical, verbal, or any other kind of conduct motivated by hostile emotions such as anger, fear, frustration, or the need to defend oneself from damage. Furthermore, all damaging behaviors such as carrying grudges and embracing hatred, hatred, and violence may be seen at various degrees at the sensitive level of aggressive behavior, in addition to rage and fury. Aggression manifests itself as rage and fury in all of these experiences. On the other hand, it might be taken as a desire to hurt someone or something (Acet, 2005). It indicates a manner of behavior that harms oneself or others and demonstrates inappropriate and undesirable social ability, regardless of how it is understood (Afyon, & Metin, 2014). Instinct theory, biologic theory, frustration-aggression theory, cue-arousal theory, and social learning theory are all theories connected to aggressiveness. With K. Lorenz's book On Aggressiveness, published in 1966, the explanation of aggression in terms of impulses has resurfaced. Lorenz claims that aggressiveness is a separate activity with its own inherent energy source, and that this fighting drive focuses until it finds a way out. According to this viewpoint, the genuine source of violence can not be the object of aggressiveness (Erden, 2007).

Aggression is said to be caused by the human body in the biologic view. It looks at the testosterone hormone, chromosomes, and organs like the brain while looking for the main variables that generate aggressiveness. It asserts that instincts and evolution are insufficient to explain violence. It underlines the notion that aggressive behavior is influenced by biological and genetic variables. Humans may come on strong not just via their instincts, but also via the impact of their biologic environment, according to adherents of this hypothesis (Sanli, 2014).

In sports, a hitter's effort to spike with a block; in football, a single center forward's effort to score a goal around the defense; and in boxing, the opponent's effort to punch with fakes and faints or a sufficient guard. According to this hypothesis, when barriers increase, so do aggressive impulses, and this increased urge leads to open aggressive conduct. For example, a single center forward who is unable to pass the defensive player may kick or elbow the opponent; in addition, open aggressive conduct may be witnessed in the world heavyweight boxing championship battle between Mike Tyson and Evander Holyfield, in which Tyson bit Holyfield's ear (Kosiewicz, 2014). As a consequence, frustration, according to this idea, always produces aggression in some form, and aggression is a consequence of frustration (Tiryaki, 2000). Frustration, according to Berkowitz, may lead to an increase in sensitive arousal, which is known as rage. Anger, on the other hand, does not always lead to outbursts of aggression. If a frustrated individual gets violent unexpectedly, he may fear that he will be penalized, so he may wait to act aggressively at a later time, when the environmental circumstances are more favorable (Acet, 2005). The social learning hypothesis claims that one's previous learning is the source of one's personality characteristics. If someone displays an aggressive demeanor, it should be assumed that this is due to previous experiences. Someone who has attained their aims by aggressive conduct will likely display even more aggressive conduct and will likely continue to be aggressive (Cuceloglu, 2000).

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The fact that numerous people have died as a result of football hooliganism since the sport's inception is a serious and grave subject. When we take a look at the history of football hooliganism, we can see that there have been several incidences of violence. While the term "sport" was formerly connected with concepts like "fun" and "physical and mental desire," it has now evolved into a "success" rather than "enjoyment" competition. Certain matches, particularly in our nation, clearly elicit a great sense of aggression in the supporters, resulting in the loss of property and, in some cases, lives. Chelsea fans have depicted more violence as a result of their

This study seeks to analyse the implication of aggressive football fans on peaceful environment/neighborhood.

1.3       OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The primary purpose of this study is to analyse the implication of aggressive football fans on peaceful environment/neighborhood. Thus the following objectives;

1. To give an explanation as to what aggressive football fan behaviour means.

2. To determine the implication of aggressive football fans on the environment/neighborhood.

3. To proffer solutions as to how to reduce this sort of violent behaviour.

1.4       RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following questions guide this study:

1. What does aggressive football fan behaviour mean?

2. What are the implications of aggressive football fans on the environment/neighborhood?

3. What are the possible solutions as to how to reduce this sort of violent behaviour?

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be significant in the academic world as it will give an explanation to aggressive fan behaviour caused by football, which will provide detail on aggression from a different perspective. It will also provide material on which other scholars may use in the development or creation of new crucial topics or broaden the reach of this research. It will also proffer solutions as to how this aggressive behaviour may be brought to an end.

1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will only cover the implication of aggressive behaviour of Chelsea football fans on the peaceful environment/neighborhood. It will also look into the solutions to bring an end to the series of aggressive behaviour depicted by football fans in general. Chelsea football Fans in Delta State shall serve as enrolled participants for this study.

1.7       LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

During the course of this study, the researcher was only faced with the limitation of insufficient time to fully delve deeper into the research.

1.8       DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. FOOTBALL: any of various forms of team game involving kicking (and in some cases also handling) a ball.

2. FOOTBALL FANS: Individuals who take delight in fully supporting the sports of football.

3. AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR: Aggressive behavior is behavior that causes physical or emotional harm to others, or threatens to. It can range from verbal abuse to the destruction of a victim.

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