CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Introduction

This chapter focuses on the introduction of the study, it presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, research questions, aim and objectives of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, organization of the research and definition of terms.

1.1     Background of the Study

According to Georgiou, Williamson, Westbrook (2006) a medical test result information system is a means for E-health care that facilitates management of the workflow of medical tests. The ultimate objective is to store patients’ results and provide healthcare professionals with a quick and accurate access to them. Only eligible people with access permittance are consent to access the system, thereby maintaining confidentiality of patients’  files. Specific objectives include:

1-  Establishment  of  a  paperless  environment  while  maintaining  a  digital  Recording

2- Optimize utilization of medical resources at the medical center

3-  Increase efficiency of medical care outcome

4- Monitoring and control the medical laboratory workflow process

The strengthening of medical information processing capacity in resource-limited settings is very important. It is believed that the best way to do this is by building sustainable laboratory capabilities that will provide access to high quality, rapid, and affordable diagnostic tests for the care, treatment, prevention and surveillance of three major ailments which are: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria.

Evaluations of medical reporting systems to date have measured their impact on those health establishments that have point-of-care access to the system via internet, local area networks, or other forms. In these settings, they have been shown to decrease result delivery times (RDTs) of laboratory results, reduce redundancy in resource utilization and provide faster and more complete notification for public health purposes. Shorter RDTs have been associated with decreased treatment time, mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay.

Effective medical information communication strategies must address the needs of a heterogeneous group of users, and overcome challenges in relaying timely information to even the most peripheral sites.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A baseline assessment found that most hospitals do not have an efficient recording and information sharing system of test results. the traditional flat file organization is still in place and the system makes it difficult to search for patient’s file. The consequence of this delay may bring about high mortality rate and bad reputation for the hospital. Test results are very vital as they enable the doctors to know the kind of treatment to administer, however they take time to arrive, and patients could still experience risky delays unless programmatic aspects are also addressed. Therefore, a medical information system is needed to address the problem of getting information about the medical test result of patients. This system has been shown to decrease the number of reporting errors, most importantly eliminating missing results.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to design and implement a medical test result information system

The following are the objectives of the study:

1. To develop a medical test result information system for HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
2. To present the importance of information systems
3. To bring to light the modules involved in a medical test result information system
4. To make known the resources needed for a typical medical test result information system

1.4 Scope of the Study

This study covers the design and implementation of a medical test result information system.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is that it will help medical practitioners get timely information about the laboratory test result of patients. The study will also serve as a useful reference material to other researchers seeking for information pertaining the subject.

1.6 Organization of Research

This research work is organized into five chapters. Chapter one is concerned with the introduction of the research study and it presents the preliminaries, theoretical background, statement of the problem, aim and objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study, organization of the research and definition of terms.

Chapter two focuses on the literature review, the contributions of other scholars on the subject matter is discussed.

Chapter three is concerned with the system analysis and design. It presents the research methodology used in the development of the system, it analyzes the present system to identify the problems and provides information on the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed system. The system design is also presented in this chapter.

Chapter four presents the system implementation and documentation, the choice of programming language, analysis of modules, choice of programming language and system requirements for implementation.

Chapter five focuses on the summary, constraints of the study, conclusion and recommendations are provided in this chapter based on the study carried out.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Analysis: the examination of something in detail in order to understand it better or draw conclusions from it.

Laboratory: a place where research and testing is carried out

Test: an examination of part of the body or of a body fluid or specimen in order to find something out, e.g. whether it is functioning properly or is infected

System: An assembly of computer hardware, software, and peripherals functioning together to solve a common problem

Patient: Somebody who receives medical treatment

Information: the meaningful material derived from computer data by organizing it and interpreting it in a specific way.