ABSTRACT
The study cover a view and a detailed explanation of the modification required to be carried out on the main access road linkage of the Campus III Industrial center from federal Secretariat to Mass Communication Department of the Institution in order to update its services and functions.
The need for easing the flow of traffic on this access road shall rise, since it s a commercial center in the institution. It is required that the toad be revamped and generally upgraded. The existing road is no longer in peak condition and a result of traffic growth.
The study modification therefore involves the assessment of the roads present condition, involving carrying out side test, and surveys etc, as to what could be done and how best to enhance traffic flow.
TABLE CONTENTS
Certification
Dedication
Abstract
Acknowledgement
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
General introduction
Design application
Aim and objective
Advantages of road
Reconnaissance survey
Route survey
CHAPTER TWO
Theodolite transversing of the road control
Importance of theodoversing
Equipment used on traversing
Procedure
Conversion of angles to bearing (whole area bearing
Rectangular co-ordinate
CHAPTER THREE
Field leveling work general survey
Need for preliminary survey leveling work
Technical term used in leveling
Aim
Application of leveling
Instrument in leveling’
Operation condition’’
Leveling of the road
Reduction of filed data
Brief description on profile and cross sectional leveling
Uses of profile plot
Leveling tabulating
Earth work computation
CHAPTER FOUR
Soil identification/laboratory test
Soil identification
Laboratory test performed in soil
Test to be carried out
Soil sampling
Sieve/particles size analysis
Aim and scope
Material and equipment
Test producers
Constancy limits
Liquid limit of soil
Objective and scope
Material and equipment
Test procedure
Plasticity index
Soil classification based in plasticity
Significance fo the study
Compaction
Objective and scope
Materials and equipment
Test procedure
California bearing ratio (cbr)
Objective scope
Material and equipment
Test procedure
Borrow materials for sub-base
Laboratory test on the borrowed materials
Cbr rating
Tabulation for mechanical analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Design vehicles
Design speed
Highway capacity
Deign guide
Design period
Basic design element horizontal alignment
Vertical alignment
Vertical curvature
Standard for grade
Co-ordination of vertical and horizontal alignment
Deign of curves
Pavement layers
Pavement design
Design facts the engineer should know for design
Preparation
Pavement widening
Pavement material
Component pavement and their functions
Design of road pavement
Calculation of cbr value
Vertical and horizontal curve design
Design procedure
Services life of pavement
Drainage design
Basic policy on drainage design
Road side drainage channels
Erosion protection
Conclusion and recommendation
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
For effective design and control of the road system by w\engineers, there is demand of a close study of human behaviour with an understanding of the limitation of human performance in the varied circumstances of the road environment.
The following factors has to be s\considered
The road user
The vehicle
The road environment
These form a complex interactive system where performance is measured in terms of worthwhile investment leading to user confidence and acceptability, which in turn enable balance to be draw between physical and legislature control
Each individual has certain basic physical attributes such as bearing, vision, strength, and mobility, all of which are amenable to measurement. under different circumstances, and at different times, the measured values of these characteristics may well vary with an individual according to imposed condition such as fatigue cramp cold or changed o\psychological state.
Well-designed roads and vehicles, suitable for their environment, help to limit variability and together with better reduces possibility of poor performance.
Factors, which influence behaviours, are
a. Motivation
b. Environmental influence
c. Education
1.1. 1 DESIGN APPLICATION
Road user factor must be at the forefront of design and the following points should be noted. Higher operating speeds require more adequate warning devices located nearer to minimum, clearing demarcating intended vehicles and pedestrian path.
1.1.2.1 THE VEHICLE
For many purpose, the vehicle has less characteristic than road users and in any event, these feature can be legislating controlled within defined limit.
1.1.2 VISIBILITY
It has already been stated that situation perception is essential and this vehicles body must interfere as little as possible with filed of view
1.01.4 THE ROAD
The alignment of a road is a major factor in determining how safely and efficiently it will meet the traffic demand. Alignment are dependent on the topography, the nature of the traffic and the functional use of the road .it is essential that their horizontal and vertical profiles be considered together in a three- dimensional process giving the road a flowing alignment, which enhance both safety and visual appreciation.
1.2. SCOPE OF PROJECT
The scope of work comprises mainly re-design of the entire six hundred twenty meters (620m) road and modification of road curves
The available material that were used for the project are information from textbooks, journals and periodical were fruitfully utilized soiltest and route surveys were carried out.
1.3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The deteriorating nature of the roads has made movement in the environment uneasy, the need for easing and improving the flow of traffic on this access road has risen, since the road linked to a commercial center (ie industrial center IMT) in the institution. The project is aimed at studying the nature of the road. It is also aimed at re-designing and modifying a suitable road for easy flow of traffic and enable it perform it’s function for the present and future.
The overall objective is to allow the movement of the greatest numbers of vehicles possible at the highest speed possible within law and maximum safety. The standards used in the design of any highway should be as high as is commensurate with the major control to all future improvement with minimum investment loss.
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF A ROAD TRANSPORTATION
Road is pre-requisite to speed and speed is essential or progress .it is different enumerate all the advantages of roads.
Main advantages of roads
1. Road facilitate the movement of men and materials from one place to another.
2. Educational contact can be maintained, with the help of good roads
3. Resources of an area are easily tapped and o\improved with the help pf goal network of roads
1. The are essential for the economic prosperity and general development.
2. Road provides a key element of the infrastructure whose function growth usually condensates in areas where transport fatalities are good.
1.4 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
Reconnaissance survey gives an insight on the nature of work required. It is a rapid examination of the ground and its adjacent natural features so as to obtain maximum information on the physical condition of the site. it is usually done without instrument to limit the alternative route in terms of constant energy.
1.4.1 CHAIN SURVEY CLINEAR MEASUREMENT
This method employs the use of tape-band for measurement. Linear measurement and it largely depends on the required accuracy. High accuracy may not be achieved.
1.4.2 STATION MARKING
REASONS FOR STATION MARKING
1. To avoid human traffic interference
2. Easy location traffic points for quick survey
3. The point were fixed on a firmly permanent way so that they can be available for letter use, nails were driven to bottle corks which was used to identify chainages.
