CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

One of the basic ingredients of all good and effective social organizations and. human groups is leadership.

Even in the family the father must be up to the task of tasking the lead of his wife and children. Little wonder that good leaders have pround way had to find.

Leadership begins when a man or a woman discovers the purpose for his/her life, which creates a passion and for which cause others are inspired to follow voluntarily. It is an attribute of the mind that enables a man to task himself to appreciate a problem, proffer solutions, and more him and the group or society forward.

It is no wonder, therefore that many have lost hope when it comes to finding good. Leadership. It is clear that people expect to their leaders to be competent and to make honest efforts to try to improve things.

It is true that some leaders have achieved a measured of success. A rural can usually count on the respect and support of his subject if the brings them a reasonable measure of peace and secure living conductions.

However, if people lose confidence in him for any reason, someone else may be sitting in the seat of power. the earlier conception of leadership tends to border on two major ideas about how leaders emerge in groups or organization. first is the “Great man theory of history which assigns more event in history to the activities of great leaders.

It is a known fact great man of history only assumes power and authority to lead others by virtue of their leadership capabilities. That was why leaders like Hite Napoleon and De Gualle who influenced world history were “Great man” Model leaders.

Early studies on leadership believed good leaders are born with some traits; therefore, one should be able to identify those qualities possessed by effective leaders and assume that all persons who are endowed with these traits would be effective leaders. For example the Greek Philosopher, plate, was among the first to suggest that great leaders were born with their greatness.

Therefore, leadership is the process of influencing others to work Willingly towards an organization’s goal with confidence and Keenness.

It is the art of leading others for the attainment of group or organizational goals. The second view of leadership argues that the emergence or choice of a leadership deleted to the immediate need, Circumstance or situation that a group may find itself in. Thus, a work time leader may not necessarily become a peace time leader. The essence of leadership followership.

In other words, it is the willingness of people to follow that makers a person an effective leader.

Moreover, people tend to follow those whom they perceive as providing a means of achieving t heir own desire, want and need. As a consequence, we can see that leadership and motivation are closely interconnected. By understanding motivation, we can appreciate better what people want and why t they act as t hey do. Leadership may be associated with the building blocked that relate to people such as communication and social skill, personal drive ability to motivate, honesty and integrity, innovation inspiring trust, intelligence, knowledge of business, deviance interest in other and then orientatation. Management is generally used to describe the wide range of influence that bring about improved capability and performance for individual and organizations (Characterized institute of personnel development, 2002).

Leaders are people who make change to happen. Most leaders lack the most commonly desired characteristics of leadership, inspiration. This is something most people look for at work, which is often absent from the management.

A good leadership is understood as a systematic process which is distributed across the whole organization with a good leadership between leaders and followers at all levels, rather than rust concentrated in the behaviors of these in most senior leadership position. Most people use the terms “leader” and “manager” inter-changeable.

A closer look however shows that a leader may or may not excel at management and a manager may or may not be a good leader.

Leaders focus on areas such as identifying problems, managing changes in the internal and external work environments, structuring the organization, and motivating groups to achieve their goals.

Their mission is to ensure that the organization achieves specific objectives by people who are energized and excited about the vision and direction.

1.2 STATEMENT OF STUDY

In our society, most organizations both large and small hardly function effectively. Even when they strive. Some of the leaders lack the require skills for efficient management for productivity

This is because they do not have enough braining for the management team to enable them function effectively.

The management function is complex and for a number of reason, on individual in the interest of the organization to prepare people for the task of holding fort or partaking in the management process. This involves preparing them through the acquisition of necessary skills and competencies to effectively discharge the tasks impose on them.

Also, understanding the human factor in enterprises is important for the management function of leading. How a manager views human nature influences the selection of motivational and leadership styles or approaches according to Cole, (1996).

Accordingly, leaders must motivate their worker to achieve specific goals by engaging specific kinds of behavior according to (House 1991).

There is no way that a manager can litilize their desire and goals of individuals to achieve enterprise objectives without knowing what individuals want.