AN ASSESSMENT INTO THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP ON  THE QUEST FOR NATIONAL UNITY IN CAMEROON

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Cameroon, situated in the region of Central Africa, has a notable array of cultural variety, including more than 250 distinct ethnic groups, a multitude of languages, and a historical trajectory characterised by periods of colonialism and subsequent post-independence adversities. Cameroon has faced the intricate challenge of establishing a cohesive national identity amongst its various cultural and linguistic composition since its independence from France and the United Kingdom in the early 1960s (Akhtar, 2016). 

Political leadership has a pivotal role in shaping the course of national unity in Cameroon. Political leaders have a significant impact on societal cohesiveness or divides via their policies, speech, and actions. According to Akpuru-Aja and Augustine (2017), Cameroon has seen changes in its political leadership throughout time, including periods of authoritarian regimes and multiparty democracy. These transitions have significantly influenced the country's pursuit of unification. 

The investigation of the influence of political leadership on the cohesion of the country in Cameroon has significant importance for several reasons (Alase, 2017). The diversified population of Cameroon serves as both a source of strength and a potential cause of conflict. The inadequate handling of this variety has the potential to result in societal tensions, ethnic conflicts, and separatist movements, as seen by the current problem in the Anglophone portions of the nation. Hence, it is vital to comprehend the strategies used by political leaders in managing this variety in order to foster stability and unity (Alquatawenh, 2018). 

Furthermore, the political environment in Cameroon has been marked by conflicts for power, instances of corruption, and accusations of violations of human rights. These aforementioned reasons have exacerbated community trust and eroded efforts towards achieving national unity. Therefore, it is crucial to analyse the significance of political leadership in tackling these difficulties in order to cultivate a shared feeling of belonging and citizenship among the residents of Cameroon. 

Furthermore, the global world has a significant stake in ensuring the security of Cameroon due to its advantageous geographical position, economic prospects, and its role in supporting regional peacekeeping efforts. Hence, it is essential to comprehend the interplay between political leadership and national cohesion in Cameroon, as this has significant importance not only for maintaining internal stability but also for fostering regional security and facilitating development (Aluagba, 2016). 

Given the aforementioned factors, the objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of political leadership on the pursuit of national cohesion in Cameroon. This study seeks to gain insights into the impact of various leadership styles and techniques on Cameroon's progress towards unification by examining historical patterns, policy choices, and social dynamics (Anazodo, 2015). The study's results have the potential to provide valuable insights for policymakers, civil society actors, and foreign stakeholders about strategies to advance inclusive governance, enhance social cohesion, and develop a more cohesive Cameroonian society.

1.2 Statement of the problem

The attainment of national unity in Cameroon is seen as a vital goal that plays a critical role in fostering social cohesion, stability, and sustainable development. Nevertheless, in the middle of a multitude of ethnic, linguistic, and cultural origins, the attainment of this sense of togetherness has proven to be challenging. The significance of political leadership in moulding and cultivating national cohesion is of utmost importance, yet, its efficacy and influence have not been well investigated. The key issue under consideration is to comprehending the complex interplay between political leadership and the pursuit of national cohesion in Cameroon (Bukarti, 2017). Notwithstanding the endeavours of consecutive administrations to foster cohesion, divisive inclinations, ethnic animosities, and geographical inequalities endure. This phenomenon prompts significant inquiries about the efficacy of political leadership in tackling these difficulties and cultivating a feeling of inclusivity among Cameroonians from diverse social backgrounds. The primary concerns encompass the degree to which political leadership impacts citizens' perceptions of national identity and belonging, the tactics employed by political leaders to foster unity in the face of diversity, and the efficacy of institutional frameworks in transforming political rhetoric into concrete initiatives aimed at fostering unity (Bukarti, 2017). Furthermore, it is important to analyse the impact of historical legacies, socio-economic gaps, and external pressures on the leadership's capacity to foster national unity. 

Hence, the primary objective of this study is to examine the influence of political leadership on the pursuit of state cohesion in Cameroon (Bukarti, 2017). Through an examination of these concerns, the research aims to offer valuable perspectives on the obstacles impeding endeavours to establish unity, ascertain effective approaches for cultivating unity, and put forth suggestions for policymakers, political figures, and interested parties to augment Cameroon's overall cohesion and integration. 

1.3 Objective of the study

The broad objective of the study is to assess the impact of political leadership on  the quest for national unity in Cameroon. The specific objectives is as follows

To analyze the historical background of political leadership in Cameroon.

To examine state of national unity and the factors associated with national disunity in Cameroon.

To investigate the influence of political leadership on national unity in Cameroon

To propose recommendations for enhancing political leadership strategies to foster greater national unity and social cohesion in Cameroon.

1.4 Research questions

The following questions have been prepared to guide the study

What is the historical background of political leadership in Cameroon?

What is the state of national unity and the factors associated with national disunity in Cameroon?

What is the influence of political leadership on national unity in Cameroon?

What are the proposed recommendations for enhancing political leadership strategies to foster greater national unity and social cohesion in Cameroon?

1.5 Significance of the study

The findings of the study is significant to the following

Government: Cameroon, like many other African nations, has a diverse ethnic and linguistic landscape. Effective political leadership plays a crucial role in managing these diversities and fostering an inclusive national identity. Understanding how political leaders influence national unity can provide insights into promoting stability and good governance. National unity is essential for social cohesion and integration. A fragmented society can lead to social unrest, conflicts, and even civil wars. By examining how political leaders navigate issues of identity, representation, and inclusivity, the study can shed light on strategies to foster a sense of belonging and common purpose among diverse populations.

Academia: findings of the study will be significant to the academic community as it will contribute to the existing literature

1.6 Scope of the study

The study focuses on assessing the impact of political leadership on  the quest for national unity in Cameroon. Empirically, the study will analyze the historical background of political leadership in Cameroon,  examine state of national unity and the factors associated with national disunity in Cameroon, investigate the influence of political leadership on national unity in Cameroon and propose recommendations for enhancing political leadership strategies to foster greater national unity and social cohesion in Cameroon.

1.7 Research Methodology

Research methodology deals with the different ways or methods the researcher applied in order to carry out the research as well as the instrument used for gathering the data. There are several research methodologies appropriate for answering the research questions. The type of research methodology used in this research to gather data and relevant information is the historical research and the study will adopt descriptive method of data collection. This will involve the collection of materials from secondary sources, such as books, journal articles, magazines, internet sources, international and national conference proceedings, published and unpublished articles.

1.8 Definition of terms

Political Leadership: Refers to individuals or groups who hold positions of power within the government or political system of Cameroon. This includes elected officials, appointed representatives, and influential figures who shape and implement policies and decisions.

National Unity: Describes the state of cohesion, solidarity, and harmony among the diverse ethnic, cultural, religious, and regional groups within the borders of Cameroon. It signifies a collective sense of identity and belonging to the nation, characterized by shared values, goals, and interests.