TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 Background to the Study. 1
1.2 The Sun and the nature of light Energy. 3
1.4.1 Solar Cell Voltage and Current 5
1.5 How s solar Panel Works. 6
1.6 Photovoltaic applications. 9
1.6.1 Basic operation of PV cells. 10
1.6.2 Photovoltaic Systems. 10
1.6.3 Stand-alone PV systems. 11
1.8 Photovoltaic LED lighting systems. 14
1.9.1 Light Emitting Diode. 15
1.9.4.1 Lithium Ion Battery. 19
1.9.4.2 Lead-acid batteries. 19
2.2 Tools Used in the Construction of AC/Solar Rechargeable Lantern. 25
2.2.2 Small Flat-Blade Screw Driver. 26
2.2.6Desoldering Pump (Solder Sucker) 27
2.2.7 Solder Reel or Solder. 28
3.1 Construction Procedure for the Veroboard. 30
3.3 Principle of Operation. 32
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.. 35
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Fig 1: Equivalent circuit for a solar cell 5
Fig. 2: I-V curve of the solar panel 6