CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTIONS

1:1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          The ultimate goal of any credible and legitimate government is to ensure sustained improvement in the standard of living of the citizenry. Toward this end, the government usually evolves development plans that will facilitate effective mobilization, optimal allocation and efficient management of national resources.

          In such efforts, priority is usually given to the provision of development facilitators, such as transportation and communications as well as social overhead, such as education and health.

          Drawing on the successful experience of most developed economies, all developing countries have also adopted a similar development process.

          In addition for several reasons, such as the small size of the private sector, or for the so- called “security reasons”, the development process had been largely dominated by the public sector.

          Available evidence suggests that this public sector dominated process has not achieved the desired impact over time, prominent among which is the lack of an inclusive framework on the consequent alienation of the people from the public policy process. This, coupled with recent development in the globalizing world, have precipitated the clamor for comprehensive national economic reforms that will facilitate more efficient macro economic management and thereby steer the economy back on to the path of sustainable growth and development.

          The major components of this reform are the deregulation that augurs well for the promotion of a private sector- led economy. This was informed by the assumption that the private sector is more efficient in the allocation of resources, and that this level of efficient will be enhanced in a competitive environment emanating from the deregulation of the economy. This implies that the reliance on the market rather than the state is the accepted antidote against the problem of under development in affected economies. The privatization of state- owned enterprises (SOE), is the major strategy for obliterating the culture of public sector domination of the economy.

          Nigeria is committed to following the footsteps of several countries that have embarked upon the privatization of the national economy. The scope of the nation’s privatization program covers several sectors, including banking and finance, oil and gas, telecommunication, manufacturing, hospitality and tourism, among others.

          The privatization train has now arrived into the utility sector and it is operating at varying degrees within the sub-sectors therein. Given the criticisms that have trailed the implementation of the privatization programs in other sectors, it appears timely to evaluate the privatization process of the nation’s utility sector. This with a view to ensuring compatibility of the new policy orientation with the overall goal of poverty alleviation through wealth creation and sustainable development,  rather than focusing on growth as an end by itself.

          It will also facilitate a pro-active framework towards ensuring a pro-privatization of the utility sector in Nigeria, with special emphasis on power and telecommunication, which are necessities for economic  growth and development.

1.2   STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

          Privatization and commercialization of public enterprises is a vital tool for the upliftment of a country economy more especially the developing countries like Nigeria. The problem facing privatization and commercialization to the growth of Nigeria Economy will be looked into: problems like corruption, lack of transtparency, lack of accountability, inconsistency and incredibility.

However, it is  on these problem that hindered the government to seen the growth on which commercialization and privatization public sector would bring to Nigeria economy. In trying to look into the effect of privatization and commercialization effect  to the growth of the economy and proffer a way forwards a positive state of privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in Nigeria this research work emanated.

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

          The broad objective of this research work is to evaluate the effect of commercialization and privatization on issues of economy growth in many companies, Private companies are looking for profit and their objectives may diverge from the public interest. The arthodox approach assumes that state and private sector are substitutable when it comes to provision of goods and services, subject to appropriate regulation. While this may be the case in the majority of products, divergent objectives have been problematic when it comes to delivery of essential services.

The specific objective is:

1.     To evaluate the nature or the relationship that exists between privatization of PHCN and Telecommunication of Nigeria.

2.     To examine the impact of privatization and commercialization sector on Nigeria Economy.

3.     To offer some recommendations based on the finding of the study.

1.4    RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

   The following hypothesis has been formulated based on the objectives of the study and the statement of the problem stated at follows:

H0: commercialization and privatization have a positive effect to the growth of Nigeria economy.

H1: commercialization and privatization have no effect to the growth of Nigeria economy.

1.6   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

          Privatization of public sector enterprises is not new in Nigeria. Indeed, privatization was a key element of the structural adjustment programme adopted by the Nigerian government in 1986 to stabilize the economy and position it, for sustainable growth. What is new in the on-going privatization process is the courage and determination of the government to extend to the utilities (power), airways, petroleum refineries and the petrochemical plants.

     It is a statement of fact that the private sector is profit driven and this would undermine the rights of the populace to basic amenities in the absence of adequate protection.

1.7    DEFINITION OF TERMS

       Some definition of terms is used in the study were as below.

a.     Authority: It means power or right to give order and make others to be obeyed.

b.     Commercialization: This is concerned with the reform of public enterpriser to achieve high efficiency and productivity, without change of ownership.

c.      Electric: This means all the phenomena associated with electrons (negative charge) and proton (positive charge) the study of these phenomena.

d.     Privatization: This means transfer of ownership of enterprise between the government and the private sector.

e.       Problem: this stands for questions to be solved or decided.

f.       Public: the citizens of people of a country.

g.     Public enterprises: this means any corporation, board, company or parastal, established by or under any enactment in which the government federation has ownership or equity interest.

h.     Strategic investor: it means a reputable core investor or group of invertors having the requisite technical expertise, the managerial experience and financial capacity to effectively contribute to the management of the enterprises be privatized.